印度流傳千古的古經典：《奧義書》
曼都卡奧義書
<<曼都卡奧義書>>產生於西元前六、七世紀，
是印度古代吠陀哲學典籍《奧義書》中最精深的一種，又名《唵聲奧義書》，
描述永恆的聲音唵如何代表整個宇宙，以及唵又如何與清醒、作夢、深眠
和超意識四種狀態相關聯，人們修煉本奧義書的義理，
可獲得最高的開悟，使個體與宇宙至上本體融合為一。
第一章
(一) 哈裡·唵(Hari OM)。遍宇宙皆是唵。以下為唵OM 作詳細的解說。
過去、現在及未來的一切都是唵OM 。那個超越時間、空間和因果作用的也是唵OM 。
(二) 不論在此處、彼處和一切處，所看到的一切都是至上意識的顯示。
宇宙的大我、自性(Atman)就是至上意識或(即)宇宙絕對的本體。
這個圓覺自性有四個狀態。
(三) 第一方面是清醒的狀態。於此狀態，意識傾向外在的世界。
經由七個工具和十九個管道，能經驗到粗鈍的現象世界。
(四) 第二方面是作夢的狀態(梵文名為TaijasA)。在這種狀態，意識轉向內在。
它也有七種工具和十九種管道，能體驗精細的心靈的印象。
(五) 協力運作方面是深睡。此狀態無欲亦無夢，
所有的經驗、體驗都沉浸到無分別意識的整體裡。
睡者充滿喜悅，體驗到喜悅並且知道如何去瞭解前述兩種狀態的方法。
(六) 能體驗這幾種狀態者是萬事萬物之主。
它了知一切；能指引萬物於胸壑，萬物生於茲亦回歸於茲。
第二章(七) 圖力亞是第四個狀態。
意識在這個狀態既不朝內亦不朝外，並且內外皆不轉。
它無分別，超越了知見與非知見的範疇。
此狀態無法由感官來體驗、比較或推理而得知；
它不可思議的、超越想像，並無法以言語表達。
這是純意識，這是真正的大我。它斷絕了一切外在的現象，
它是寂靜、完全的喜悅，是唯—不二的。吾人必須了悟這個真正的大我。
(八) 純意識如前所述具有四種狀態，四而合—就是唵OM 。
聲音A—U—M(音為阿a，歐ou，姆mou)和字母A、U、M代表清醒、作夢和深睡三種狀態，
而這三種狀態就是三個音聲和三個字母。
但是第四種足潛藏而不可知的狀態，只有在寂靜中方能了悟到。
第三章
(九) 清醒時意識體驗到阿(A)，唵的第一個字母。
它遍佈一切聲音之中，沒有第一個音節A，吾人無法發出唵聲，
同樣不瞭解清醒的狀態，也無法瞭解意識其他的層面。
瞭解此真相者即可實現其所有欲求而達圓滿成功。
(十) 夢中意識體驗到歐(U)，唵的第二個字母。
這是介於清醒與深眠中間較高的狀態。
瞭解此較精細狀態者優於他人。
懂得此狀態者，可以說在他家誕生了—位覺人!
(十一) 在深沉的睡眠裡，體驗到意識是“M”，唵的第三個字母。
瞭解這個更精細的境界。就能瞭解自己內在的—切。
第四章
(十二) 唵，無聲之聲，是意識不為吾人所知的部分，
它非一般之心靈和感官所能思議。它截斷了一切現象，甚至連喜悅也休止了。
這是一個與二元對立的狀態——唯一不二。
這個稱之為第四種狀態，同時也是真正宇宙的大我。
了悟這個狀態，即將自身擴展至宇宙意識。
Mandukya Upanishad
1. OM is this imperishable Word.
OM is the Universe, and this is the exposition of OM.
The past, the present and the future,
all that was, all that is, all that will be, is OM.
Likewise all else that may exist beyond the bounds of Time, that too is OM.
2. All this Universe is the Eternal Brahman,
this Self is the Eternal, and the Self is fourfold.
3. He whose place is the wakefullness, who is wise of the outward,
who hath seven limbs, to whom there are ninteen doors,
who feeleth and enjoyeth gross objects, Vaishwanara,
the Universal Male. He is the first.
4. He whose place is the dream, who is wise of the inward, who hath seven limbs,to whom there are nineteen doors, who feeleth and enjoyeth subtle objects, Taijasa, the Inhabitant in Luminous Mind. he is the second.
5. When one sleepeth and yearneth not with any desire, nor seeth any dream, that is the perfect slumber, who is become Oneness, who is wisdom gathered into itself, who is amde of mere delight, who enjoyeth delight unrelated, to whom conscious mind is the door, Prajna, the Lord of Wisdom, He is the third.
6. This is the Almighty, this is the Omniscient, this is the Inner Soul, this is the Womb of the Universe, this is the Birth and Destruction of creatures.
7. He who is neither inward-wise, nor outward-wise, nor both inward- and outward-wise, nor wisdom self-gathered, nor possessed of wisdom, nor unpossessed of wisdom, He Who is unseen and incommunicable, unseizable, featureless, unthinkable, and unnameable, Whose essentiality is awareness of the Self in its single existence, in Whom all phenomena dissolve, Who is Calm, Who is Good, Who is the One than Whom there is no other, Him they deem the fourth ; He is the Self, He is the object of Knowledge.
8. Now this the Self, as to the imperishable Word, is OM : and as to the letters, His parts are the letters and the letters are His parts, namely, A U M.
9.The Waker, Vaishwanara, the Universal Male, He is A, the first letter, because of Initiality and Pervasiveness : he that knoweth Him for such pervadeth and attaineth all his desires;he becometh the source and first.
10. The Dreamer, Taijasa, the Inhabitant in Luminous Mind, He is U, the second letter, because of Advance and Centrality : He that knoweth Him for such, advanceth the bounds of his knowledge and riset above difference : nor of his seed is any born that knoweth not the Eternal.
11. The Sleeper, Prajna, the Lord of Wisdom, He is M, the third letter, because of Measure and Finality : he that knoweth Him for such measureth with himself the Universe and becometh the departure into the Eternal.
12. Letterless is the fourth, the Incommunicable, the end of phenomena, the Good, the One than Whom there is no other : thus is OM. He that knoweth is the Self and entereth by his self into the Self, he that knoweth, he that knoweth.
